The reference price is one of the most useful consumer tools in Australian energy — but most people have no idea what it is or how to use it. Understanding it could save you hundreds of dollars per year.

What is the electricity reference price?

The reference price is a government-set benchmark for electricity costs. It was introduced to give consumers a standard way to compare energy plans and ensure retailers compete fairly. Think of it as the "sticker price" — the price that shouldn't be exceeded for basic residential customers, and which competitive plans are meant to beat.

Two versions exist:

  • Default Market Offer (DMO): Applies in NSW, SA and south-east QLD, set by the Australian Energy Regulator (AER).
  • Victorian Default Offer (VDO): Applies in Victoria, set by the Essential Services Commission of Victoria (ESCV).

DMO vs VDO: what's the difference?

While both serve as reference prices, they're calculated differently. The DMO is designed as a maximum price for customers who don't choose a plan, while the VDO is designed as a "fair price" that's reasonable but leaves room for competitive plans to be cheaper.

Key insight: Good market offers should be 15–25% below the reference price. If a plan is marketed as "25% below DMO" — that's meaningful savings. If it's only 5% below, shop more carefully.

Finding the reference price on your electricity bill

Australian energy retailers are required by law to include a reference price comparison on your bill. Look for a section that says something like:

  • "Your estimated annual cost: $1,850"
  • "Default Market Offer estimated annual cost: $2,100"
  • "You are paying 11.9% less than the DMO"

The exact wording varies by retailer. Some display it prominently; others bury it in fine print. If you can't find it, call your retailer — they're legally obligated to provide this information.

Using the reference price to find a better deal

Here's a simple three-step process to use the reference price as a benchmark:

  1. Find your current plan's position: Note whether you're above, at, or below the reference price and by what percentage.
  2. Compare with the market: Use a comparison service (like Pick A Deal) to find plans at your address. Look for plans 20%+ below the reference price.
  3. Calculate actual savings: Multiply your annual usage by the difference in cents per kWh between plans. This gives you a real dollar saving to compare against any switching hassle.
Your position vs reference priceAction recommended
More than 10% above DMO/VDOSwitch immediately — significant savings available
At the reference price (0%)Shop around — you can almost certainly do better
5–15% below reference priceReasonable, but worth reviewing annually
15–25% below reference priceGood deal — check annually at contract renewal

Frequently asked questions

What is the Default Market Offer (DMO)?
The DMO is a government-set maximum price cap for electricity in the deregulated energy markets of NSW, SA and south-east Queensland. It acts as a benchmark — all retailers must show how their plan compares to the DMO on your bill. If you're paying above the DMO, you're almost certainly overpaying.
What is the Victorian Default Offer (VDO)?
The VDO is Victoria's equivalent of the DMO, set by the Essential Services Commission of Victoria (ESCV). It's designed as a 'fair deal' price that customers who don't actively choose a plan receive. Competitive plans should be noticeably below the VDO.
Am I currently on the default offer?
Check your latest electricity bill. There should be a section comparing your plan to the reference price. If your plan is described as the 'default offer' or if your rates are at or above the reference price, you're likely on the default rate and can almost certainly save by switching.
How much can I save by switching from the default offer?
Market offers from competitive retailers can be 15–30% below the reference price, potentially saving $250–$700 per year for an average household. Savings vary significantly based on your usage, state and which plans are currently available at your address.
How often does the reference price change?
The AEMC (Australian Energy Market Commission) and state governments review the reference price annually. Changes typically take effect on 1 July each year. Retailers adjust their plans around these review dates, making it a good time to shop around.

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